Thursday 25 February 2016

Dissertation Second Draft

Abstract
·         Explain how the dissertation will attempt to find out the extent of Diana’s use of fashion to convey her emotions and other messages.
·         Mention briefly the main sources and types of sources used in the research.

This report will use findings from a variety of resources including sources of secondary research that includes a range of books and authority websites. The resources cover Diana’s fashion experiences from when she was first brought into the public eye right through to the months before her untimely death.
Introduction
The aim of this essay is to investigate to what extent Princess Diana learnt to use fashion to convey emotions and messages. I want to find out about certain fashion choices that she made and how deliberate those decisions were. For example, was Diana influenced by other people wanting her to look a certain way or did she make those choices for herself. I want to look into some of the key fashion choices that Diana made, such as her wedding dress and the famous ‘Revenge Dress’. I wish to discover more about these examples and the impact they had on the wider fashion industry, as each of the dresses gained an enormous amount of interest, not just from the British public but also globally.
As part of my investigations I aim to look at outfits in the context of the different periods of her life. This will include her time before marriage, her married life and the rest of her life after her break-off with the Royal Family. It seems that Diana managed to channel her inner feelings through her style and as she was the most popular royal the public wanted to know everything.
GOOD BUT TELL US ABOUT YOUR RESEARCH - BOOKS!!!!! ALSO THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVE? GENDER/STATUS/SEMIOTICS??? CAN YOU IDENTIFY ONE TO BE OF PARTICULAR IMPORTANCE - SEMIOTICS i.e. COMMUNICATION?
Discussion - USE SUBTITLES TO LABEL DRESSES
Diana’s Fashion before Marriage

NURSERY OUTFIT? PLUS DATE
Every single one of Diana’s outfits were planned and thought out. She was always asking ‘what would she be communicating?’ YES THIS IS SEMIOTICS. CAN YOU INCLUDE SOMETHING HERE? If she wore certain things. In the early days at the age of 19 she was very young and naïve. Her first picture was the infamous see through Laura Ashley skirt. Photographers had deliberately put her in front of the light, making her skirt see-through revealing her legs. This was the first official photograph of her and the press had managed to perceive her how they wanted to. However it is said that even from this first picture she was communicating her emotions through fashion. The skirt was covered in a small heart print and Diana was very much in love with Prince Charles.
BLACK TAFFETA DRESS PLUS DATE
Charles was 12 years Diana’s senior and at her first royal engagement she wanted to look grown up and sophisticated. She enlisted the help of the Emanuel’s, David and Elizabeth. Diana wanted a strapless black dress. For a girl of Diana’s age black was seen to be the most sophisticated colour. She chose a sample dress from the Emanuel’s and although it was pretty it did not fit like a glove. Diana did not have anyone to suggest alterations to her, which resulted in the dress being deemed too revealing. Not only was it seen to be too revealing but in the royal mind black was seen to be the colour of mourning. The infamous black taffeta dress was the first indication that Diana would depart from the routine royal clothing and experiment making striking and original fashion choices. THIS IS ALL GREAT BUT TOO PERSONAL. REFERENCE!
BLACK TAFFETA DRESS PLUS DATE
Diana’s next mistake was to be in her choice of outfit for the official announcement of her engagement to Prince Charles. She was still quite unexperienced at shopping for royal outfits and no more would show that than this particular one. Diana had the idea to visit ‘Belville Sasoon’, Belinda Belville and David Sasoon, who had made dresses for her mother in the past. Diana visited their shop to have a look and find inspiration. Diana knew that she wanted to wear blue to compliment her sapphire engagement ring. Unfortunately for Diana and the designers, neither of them were in the shop at the time and the shop assistant didn’t recognise her shy young customer. The assistant didn’t think that Diana looked as if she could afford her goods and gave an imposing approach, to which Diana walked out of the shop and into another shop. She purchased a suit by Cojana. The suit had “a scalloped edge and an unbecoming, tight belt. Its print blouse was tied in a large pussy-cat bow to one side, and the skirt covered the knee over thick, patterned tights and flat shoes. Wearing a no-nonsense wrist watch and holding a handbag, Diana looked plump and uncomfortable.” (Howell, 1998, p.25). QUOTES LONGER THAN 2 LINES SHOULD BE SEPARATED OUT FROM MAIN TEXT AND INDENTED i.e.

This was no outfit for a girl of Diana’s age it was clear that she needed proper advice and guidance. Unknown to Diana at this time, these early outfit disasters would only help her discover and learn that the way she dressed would be so powerful and meaningful.

Diana needed a well thought out outfit for everyday that she would be seen. As a future queen of Britain at this time, Diana needed to use British designers. Some of her favourite designers included David Sasoon, Catherine Walker and Elizabeth and David Emanuel. 

Married Years - BREAK THIS SECTION DOWN WITH SUBTITLES NAMING THE DRESSES

WEDDING DRESS PLUS DATE
For Diana one of the biggest turning points was her marriage to Prince Charles. On the 29th of July 1981 Diana emerged from a rather small carriage at St Pauls Cathedral. She was wearing the creation of David and Elizabeth Emanuel. The dress  had been kept a secret, no drawings had been made and was sewn by a single seamstress behind locked doors. The dress was made of 45 feet of ivory silk taffeta, and trimmed with antique Carrick-Ma-Cross lace. The 25-foot veil and train, securely held by the ravishing Spencer diamond tiara, was hand sewn with ten thousand mother-of-pearl sequins. With full sleeves, frills and bows it was gathered into a voluminous, rustling crinoline that proved almost too large for the confines of the carriage that took her to St Paul’s.” (Howell, 1998, p.37). SEPARATE AND INDENT i.e.
Diana indeed intended to send out messages and emotions through her wedding dress. Any bride in a white wedding dress, whether deliberately or not is sending out pagan messages of virginity, dedication, sacrifice and promise. This exuberant, Victorian-style dress was intended by Diana to signal a fairy-tale conclusion to what, we later came to realize, was a barely satisfactory royal romance. The dress ushered in the sentiment of all fairy tales that end with marriage to a prince’… and they lived happily ever after’.” (Howell, 1998, p.37). SEPARATE AND INDENT i.e.
This quote from Howell explains how Diana wanted the wedding dress to be ‘fairy-tale’ in style as well as being a traditional wedding dress. In Diana’s mind she thought that her choice of dress would tell the world that she and Charles were there to stay, to live happily ever after. YES GOOD TO FOLLOW UP QUOTE. CAN YOU DO THIS WITH THE OTHERS?

Following Diana’s marriage to Prince Charles they had two children. Prince William on the 21st June 1982 and Prince Harry on the 15th September 1984. In the following 3 years after Harry’s birth Diana went through a difficult time. Firstly with Charles admitting he was in contact with Camilla Parker-Bowles. HE ONCE SAID “Do you seriously expect me to be the first Prince of Wales in British history not to have a mistress?” (Howell, 1998, p.64). THIS QUOTE CAN STAY IN THE MAIN TEXT BECAUSE IT IS LESS THAN 2 LINES Secondly there was her new sister-in-law, Prince Andrew’s wife Sarah Ferguson. Fergie, as she became known, began to blossom and in turn Diana’s popularity began to decline. This was the first time ever that Diana had received bad press. The public had decided that Diana was troubled, self-absorbed and a mere fashion plate. Whereas Fergie was cheery, confident and learning to dress with charm. (Howell, 1998, p.64) IS THIS A GENERAL REFERENCE FOR THE WHOLE PARAGRAPH?
‘Suddenly everybody said “Oh isn’t Fergie marvellous, a breath of fresh air. Thank god she’s more fun than Diana.” IS THIS A QUOTE? REFERENCE? So Diana was listening and reading every line. “I felt terribly insecure”.’ (Howell, 1998, p.64). In truth this was the least of Diana’s worries. Despite her youth, beauty and charm Charles remained uninterested. In attempts to win back Charles’ attention she dressed up and had fun. Diana, traditionally a country girl who went to boarding school, she now found herself in the middle of a city with shops and parties. It was inevitable that this wouldn’t go unnoticed to other admirers.
CARING DRESS PLUS DATE
Another notable dress worn by Diana was what she called her ‘caring dress’ (Lusher, 2008). This dress was designed by David Sassoon who was one of her favourite designers and “who made more than 70 outfits for the Princess” (Lusher, 2008). Diana was criticised by the press as she was seen wearing the caring dress a number of times. Unknown to them there was a good reason Diana chose to wear this dress time and time again on visits to children across the globe. The bright and colourful dress was always reused by Diana on public visits to sick and suffering children because the bright colours were appealing and made them at ease in her presence. This dress was seen in Nigeria, Brazil and a London Aids Hospice after she had first noticed its effect of children when visiting a hospital (Lusher, 2008).

The Princess met James Hewitt a handsome young polo player and they had a full blown love affair conducted in two phases from 1986-1987 and then from 1990-1991. Diana soon began to dress for him. It was the designers who started to pick up signals that would go unnoticed to other people. “There were these little messages!” Jasper Conran recalls “There was a certain maturing. She became a woman rather than a girl!” instead of her usual sensible flat Manolo pumps she went to Jimmy Choo for the latest 2½ inch heels. “Also when buying clothes for her private wardrobe, along with her usual Highgrove blazers, sexy revealing dresses were being added in.” (Howell, 1998, p.75) Here is a shift in Diana’s dress. It went unnoticed to the public eye at first but she was close to a lot of her designers and they were aware of the changes to her personal wardrobe and what these changes might represent. DO YOU HAVE AN EXAMPLE TO USE HERE?
KING FAHD DRESS PLUS DATE
Learning from every fashion success and failure, Diana worked on her own way to communicate with the public. “She found out the royal rules the hard way” says David Sassoon, “Now she began to break them” (Howell, 1998, p.79-80). Diana’s experiments were bold and she attracted criticism. For example in 1985 Diana wore a bold outfit, a wrap-over gown cut in way that was just like a dressing gown. Often Diana went too far in her desire to project herself in a memorable way. Over time the princess’ fashion choices became more theatrical and were even said by some to have gone beyond fashion. It seemed that the outfits were in fact more similar to costumes. An example of this is when Diana and Charles went to meet King Fahd on his arrival at Gatwick airport where Diana wore a “gold frogged suit like a drum majorette’s and the press wrote that she looked like a cut-out from the cover of the Beatles’ ‘Sergeant Pepper’ album” (Howell, 1998, p.79-80). With this particular outfit it would appear Diana had started to over think her fashion choices so much that she had become too bold and literal. People could certainly see why she wearing what she was but had it become too much?

Stephen Jones, a young hat-maker, studied Diana’s appearance carefully. Stephen said that ‘”as a Milliner you’re aware that when someone puts a hat with an outfit it turns it into a costume.  It adds drama, status and theatricality, and the person behaves a little differently. When I met the Princess at Kensington Palace she was always interested in the effect – “How will people see this? How will this be interpreted?” ‘(Howell, 1998, p.80)
THE VENGEANCE DRESS PLUS DATE
Designer Christina Stambolian was the designer of perhaps the most talked about dress that Diana would ever wear. The evening that Diana wore this outfit in 1994 she attended a public engagement at the Serpentine gallery. On the very same evening Prince Charles was being interviewed with James Dimbleby on Charles: The Private Man, The Public Face. In this interview Charles affirmed his adultery with Camilla Parker-Bowles. Diana was not scheduled to wear this particular dress that evening as she had bought it a few years earlier but it was deemed to be not fitting for royal attire. Diana had thought about how she wanted to be seen and wanted to knock Charles off of the headlines. The dress was “a short black dress with a vee bodice in silk jacquard, falling onto a chiffon skirt using Italian fabrics” (Modlinger, 1998, p.109). ‘The Americans christened it the “I’ll show you” dress and the “Vengeance Dress” ‘(Howell, 1998, p.154). The British named it the “Revenge Dress”. ‘This was the devastating wisp of black chiffon with which Diana flipped her husband clean off the front pages the morning after his damaging televised interview.’ (Howell, 1998, p.154).  This is the perhaps best example of Princess Diana using fashion to convey her emotions. She conveyed exactly the message that she wanted to with the dress without having to say a single word. Diana had had years of practise with her fashion choices but “Never before had a woman selected her outfit with such tactical brilliance.” (Wackerl, 2012, p.106).

After the Royal Family

On the 28th of August 1996 Diana and Charles divorced. Diana was free of her royal title and obligations and became Lady Diana Spencer. This transition had a noticeable impact on her fashion choices from this point onwards. The press and public still took notice of Diana despite parting from the royal family, as she was still popular with the public and still the mother of William and Harry. David Sassoon observed this too, he said The biggest transformation took place once the Princess got divorced – then she no longer had to wear British designs, so she spread her wings, and opened the wardrobe to Versace, Valentino and Dior.” (Modlinger, 1998, p.126).  SEPARATE AND INDENT i.e.  
Diana herself said “from now on, I am going to own myself and be true to myself. I no longer want to live someone else’s idea of what and who I should be.” (Howell, 1998, p.184).
Diana had come full circle in her approach to fashion, no longer was she being dictated too or being dictated by public and press opinion. Diana’s style was simple and chic, this shows her becoming true to herself and having a lighter approach to fashion. Diana continued to work with designers such as Valentino and Versace amongst others, who offered her designs in keeping with her new style. She became free in her ability to choose whatever she wanted to wear. THIS IS YOUR RED, NOT MINE!!!!

The Auction

On the 25th of June 1997 Diana held an auction at Christie’s in New York. The auction was of Diana’s royal working wardrobe and included 79 lots. (Howell, 1998, p.200). It would seem that the inspiration for the auction came from Prince William, Diana noted in a letter dated June 1997. (Modlinger, 1998, p.138). There were 1,100 potential buyers that attended the auction in New York. The first lot to come up for auction more than doubled its opening price, indicating that the auction was going to be more successful than indicted (Howell, 1998, p.200). In total the auction raised £1,960,150, all of which along with proceeds of the catalogue sales were donated to Charites close to Diana’s heart which included AIDS and Cancer charities (Modlinger, 1998, p.138.)


This auction was symbolic for Diana as it was a defining moment in her separation from the royal family. The pieces that were auctioned were from a time in her life in which she was ultimately less happy. Diana was at a stage where she was starting to enjoy the freedom in her life and this was noted by many people close to her including designers such as Karl Lagerfeld who said “she had never looked so good, so fashionable, as in the last six months. I think that she finally felt free …” (Modlinger, 1998, p.138). 

Diana was known for her charity and humanitarian work and this auction was an opportunity to turn something that at times had been quite negative for her into something positive. Modlinger in her book ‘Diana Woman of Style’ (Modlinger, 1998, p.142) observes that the “Christie’s auction was a master-stroke, linking the Princess’ work, her passion for fashion, and also her humanitarian qualities. In auctioning off those dresses, she left a global legacy.”  Ironically to this day the legacy of the auction continues, as her tragic death immortalized her and as such the dresses continue to give fascination and raise money for charity when they come up for sale (Modlinger,1998, p.142). 


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